European Agency for Safety and Health at Work
Stefania Capecchi
Home-based teleworking and preventive occupational safety and health measures in European workplaces: evidence from ESENER-3
European Risk Observatory
Report
Contents
1 Introduction
2 Definitions and recent literature
2.1 Classification of home-based teleworking
2.2 Home-based teleworking before the COVID-19 crisis
2.3 Home-based teleworking and the COVID-19 pandemic
3 Recent teleworking trends in Europe
3.1 Employees working from home: 2010-2019
3.2 The effects of the 2020 COVID-19 crisis on home-based work
4 Teleworking in the European Working Conditions Survey
4.1 Teleworkers’ main characteristics
4.2 Working conditions of teleworkers
4.3 Comparing teleworkers and non-teleworkers
5 Evidence on teleworking from the European Survey of Enterprises on New and Emerging Risks
5.1 Establishments with teleworking in place
5.2 Risk awareness and teleworking
5.3 Teleworking and preventive OSH measures
5.4 Statistical modelling analysis
5.4.1 Model 1: the effect of ‘regular breaks’
5.4.2 Model 2: the effect of ‘ergonomic equipment’
6 Conclusions
References
Annex 1: Data from the European Union Labour Force Survey
Annex 2: Data from the European Working Conditions Survey 2015
Annex 3: Data from the European Survey of Enterprises on New and Emerging Risks 2019
Annex 4: Models and estimation procedure
List of figures
Figure 1: Employees working usually from home by country (% of total employees aged 15-64), EU-27, 2019
Figure 2: Employees working from home by gender and frequency (% of total employees aged 15-64), EU-27, 2010-2019
Figure 3: Employees working from home by gender and frequency (% of total employees aged 25-49), EU-27, 2010-2019
Figure 4: Employees working mostly from home by country (% of total employees aged 15-64), EU-27, 2019 and 2020
Figure 5: Employees by teleworking status in each country (weighted data, %), EU-27
Figure 6: Teleworkers by economic sector (NACE) (weighted data, %), EU-27
Figure 7: Teleworkers by age (weighted data, %), EU-27
Figure 8: Teleworkers by contract duration (weighted data, %), EU-27
Figure 9: Teleworkers by level of education (weighted data, %), EU-27
Figure 10: Teleworkers by size of workplace (number of employees) (weighted data, %), EU-27
Figure 11: ‘How are your working time arrangements set?’ Q42 (weighted data, %), EU-27
Figure 12: ‘Regarding the health and safety risks related to the performance of your job, how well informed would you say you are?’ Q33 (weighted data, %), EU-27
Figure 13: ‘Does your main paid job involve...?’ Q30a and b (weighted data, %), EU-27
Figure 14: ‘Does your main paid job involve...?’ Q30f, g and h (weighted data, %), EU-27
Figure 15: Percentage of non-teleworkers and teleworkers reporting a number of health issues (weighted data, %), EU-27
Figure 16: Percentage of non-teleworkers and teleworkers reporting sleeping disorders (weighted data, %), EU-27
Figure 17: ‘Since you started your main paid job how often have you worked in your free time?’ Q46 (weighted data, %), EU-27
Figure 18: ‘Over the past 12 months did you work when you were sick?’ Q84a (weighted data, %), EU-27
Figure 19: Percentage of workplaces with teleworking in place by country (weighted data, %), EU-27
Figure 20: Percentage of workplaces with teleworking in place by NACE (weighted data, %), EU-27
Figure 21: Workplaces with teleworking in place performing risk assessments at home by size (number of employees) (weighted data, %), EU-27
Figure 22: Workplaces reporting physical risk, Q200_1 and Q200_3 (weighted data, %), EU-27
Figure 23: Workplaces reporting specific psychosocial risks, Q201, (weighted data, %), EU-27
Figure 24: Workplaces with teleworking in place performing risk assessment, including organisational aspects, by size (number of employees), Q252_5 and Q252_6, (weighted data, %), EU-27
Figure 25: Workplaces implementing MSD-related preventive measures, Q202, (weighted data, %), EU-27
Figure 26: Workplaces implementing measures to identify and address stress, Q302, (weighted data, %), EU-27
Figure 27: Workplaces implementing measures to deal with psychosocial risks, Q304, (weighted data, %), EU-27
Figure 28: Estimated probabilities of having teleworking in place, by NACE group, company size and ‘regular breaks’ — country group 1
Figure 29: Estimated probabilities of having teleworking in place, by NACE group, company size and ‘regular breaks’ — country group 2
Figure 30: Estimated probabilities of having teleworking in place, by NACE group, company size and ‘ergonomic equipment’ (ergo. eq.) provision — country group 1
Figure 31: Estimated probabilities of having teleworking in place, by NACE group, company size and ‘ergonomic equipment’ (ergo. eq.) provision — country group 2
fonte: osha.europa.eu
© European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, 2021
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged.