ILO
Shahra Razavi, Ian Orton, Christina Behrendt, Lou Tessier, Veronika Wodsak, Krithi Dakshina Ramaswamy, Alix Machiels
Making social protection work for gender equality: What does it look like? How do we get there?
ILO Working Paper 132
Table of contents
Abstract
About the authors
Acronyms
Executive Summary
Across all branches and risks
Protection against healthcare costs
Protection for children and families
Protection for persons of working age
Social assistance
Protection in old age
Introduction
1 How and why do gender-specific risks and vulnerabilities matter for the design and delivery of social protection?
1.1 Gender-specific risks and vulnerabilities
1.2 Gender segregation and inequalities in employment
1.3 Unpaid care work: Feminized, invisible and yet essential
2 How can social protection systems deal with gender-based inequalities in labour markets and employment?
2.1 Implications of unequal employment patterns for women’s access to social protection
2.2 The case for gender-responsive social insurance
2.3 Are non-contributory (tax-financed) benefits a complete solution for gender equality?
2.4 Policy design matters for gender equality
3 Social protection for children, tackling inequality from the start
3.1 Social protection for children to provide a good start in life
3.2 Social protection that works for children must also work for women
4 Making social protection work for women of working age
4.1 Maternity protection: Access to healthcare and income security
4.2 Unemployment protection: Income security, skills development and job matching
4.3 Disability benefits and other support in case of disability
4.4 Employment injury protection and the right to a safe and healthy working environment
4.5 Ensuring sickness benefits are gender-responsive
4.6 Towards more gender-responsive social assistance schemes
Minimum income schemes
Conditional cash transfer schemes
Poverty-targeted programmes operating in lower-income contexts
Emergency cash transfers during crises
Designing and implementing social assistance programmes in a more gender-responsive way
4.7 Public works and other public employment programmes
4.8 Graduation and economic inclusion programmes and “cash-plus”
4.9 Universal basic income
4.10 Making social protection systems serve the needs of working-age women
5 Income security and well-being in old age
5.1 Income security in old age: The gender pension gap
5.2 Access to long-term care and its critical role for gender equality
The costs of inaction
6 Gender-transformative social health protection
6.1 Inclusive population coverage
6.2 Adequate and responsive benefit design
6.2.1. Ensuring availability and utilization of a comprehensive range of services
Service coverage and utilization: Where are we globally, and how does it impact women?
Designing social health protection benefits in a responsive manner
6.2.2. Securing financial protection for women and girls when accessing healthcare services
Financial protection: Where are we, and why is it important for women?
Designing social health protection to secure financial protection: Co-payments and user fees
6.3 Coordination with social protection cash benefits and care policies
6.4 Recommendations for enhancing the gender-responsiveness of social health protection
7 Social protection and the care economy
7.1 Decent work deficits in the paid care sector: Recognizing, valuing and protecting care workers
7.2 Recognizing, reducing and redistributing unpaid care work: Income transfers, paid leave and care services
Conclusion: A social protection agenda that works for women and for gender equality
References
Acknowledgements
© International Labour Organization 2024
fonte: ilo.org
